8 Although presumptive diagnosis of IAD is often based upon history, physical examination, and airway endoscopy, clinical signs are usually subtle and can be difficult to differentiate from cases of primary respiratory infection. The disease has been identified as the second most common cause of veterinary care and lost use in young racing Thoroughbreds, 6 and increased tracheal mucus accumulations have been documented in roughly 20% of this population 7 and mature pleasure horses alike. Inflammatory Airway DiseaseĬharacterized by cough, poor performance, and excess mucus in the airways, IAD is the most common chronic airway disease of athletic horses. The two conditions have overlapping clinical, cytological, and functional features that arise from the pulmonary response to organic dust and noxious gases encountered in the barn environment. IAD and RAO are common chronic inflammatory pulmonary disorders that impact the health and performance of horses across all equine disciplines. The response of the pulmonary immune system to inhaled environmental factors underlies a number of diseases, including asthma 1, 2 and occupational respiratory diseases 3 in humans, hypersensitivity pneumonitis in cattle, 4 allergic asthma in cats, 5 and inflammatory airway disease (IAD) and recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) in the horse. Institute of Occupational Medicine sampler.American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.The objective of this review is to provide the reader with a summary of the most common chronic inflammatory airway diseases in the horse and the principles of air sampling that are essential to the planning, interpretation, and assessment of equine respiratory health-related exposure studies. In this review, the principles of particulate exposure assessment, including health-related aerosol size fractions and size-selective sampling, the factors influencing air quality in equine environments, and the effect of air quality on the equine respiratory tract are discussed. Study of these diseases has provided important but incomplete understanding of the effect of air quality upon the respiratory health of horses. IAD and RAO have overlapping clinical, cytological, and functional manifestations of the pulmonary response to organic dust and noxious gases encountered in the barn environment.
Inhalant exposure to airborne irritants commonly encountered in horse stables is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory airway disease (IAD) and recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), non-infectious, inflammatory pulmonary disorders that impact the health and performance of horses across all equine disciplines.
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